Primary causes of injury / chief damages

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Primary causes of injury / chief damages

Primary causes of injury / chief damages

The main categories of damage in Jewish civil law.

(“There are four primary causes of damages: the ox, the pit, the man, and the fire. The ox is not like the man, nor is the man like the ox.” – Bava Kamma 2a; and: “We know that from the primary categories of damages, whose derivatives are our poor condition, comes the abandonment of the Torah.” – Berdyczewski / Writings, vol. 2, p. 16)

Translation

Expression (Hebrew)

אֲבוֹת נְזִיקִין

Definition (Hebrew)

רָאשֵׁי נֶזֶק עִקָּרִיִּים בְּדִינֵי נְזִיקִין.

("אַרְבָּעָה אֲבוֹת נְזִיקִין: הַשּׁוֹר וְהַבּוֹר וְהַמַּבְעֶה וְהַהֶבְעֵר. לֹא הֲרֵי הַשּׁוֹר כְּהֲרֵי הַמַּבְעֶה, וְלֹא הֲרֵי הַמַּבְעֶה כְּהֲרֵי הַשּׁוֹר" – בָּבָא קַמָּא ב ע"א, וְכֵן: "יוֹדְעִים אָנוּ כִּי מֵהָאֲבוֹת נְזִיקִין, שֶׁתּוֹלְדוֹתֵיהֶם מַצָּבֵנוּ הָרָע, הִיא עֲזִיבַת הַתּוֹרָה" – בֶּרְדִּיצֶ'בְסְקִי / כְּתָבִים, ב, 16)

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