Terrestrial court of law (as against "celestial")

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Terrestrial court of law (as against "celestial")

Terrestrial court of law (as against "celestial")

Courts and tribunals in which humans sit to judge, as opposed to a celestial court where God is the judge.

(“R’ Tanchuma in the name of the Rabbis said: Three matters were decreed by the terrestrial court and agreed upon by the celestial court, and these are: asking for peace in the name, the Scroll of Esther, and tithes, the order of annulling vows” – Ruth Rabbah (Vilna) Parashah 4; and likewise: “From the office of that terrestrial court, matters ascend to the celestial court” – Mendeli Mo"se, Massot Binyamin III, 1:8; and likewise: “You will be judged for this both in the terrestrial court and in the celestial court” – H. Baer, El Makom SheHaRuach Holechet, 393.)

Translation

Expression (Hebrew)

בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל מַטָּה

Definition (Hebrew)

בָּתֵּי מִשְׁפָּט וּבָתֵּי דִּין בָּהֶם בְּנֵי אָדָם יוֹשְׁבִים בַּדִּין כְּדֵי לִשְׁפֹּט, וְזֹאת לְהַבְדִּיל מִבֵּית דִּין שֶׁל מַעְלָה שֶׁבּוֹ הָאֵל הוּא הַשּׁוֹפֵט.

("ר' תַּנְחוּמָא בְּשֵׁם רַבָּנָן אָמַר: שְׁלשָׁה דְּבָרִים גָּזְרוּ בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל מַטָּה וְהִסְכִּימוּ עִמָּם בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל מַעֲלָה, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: לִשְׁאוֹל שָׁלוֹם בְּשֵׁם, וּמְגִלַּת אֶסְתֵּר, וּמַעֲשָׂרוֹת, סֵדֶר הַתָּרַת נְדָרִים" – רוּת רַבָּה, פָּרָשָׁה ד׳, וְכֵן: "מִלִּשְׁכַּת אוֹתוֹ בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל מַטָּה הָעִנְיָנִים הוֹלְכִים וְעוֹלִים לְבֵית דִּין שֶׁל מַעֲלָה" – מֶנְדֶּלִי מו"ס, מַסָּעוֹת בִּנְיָמִין הַשְּׁלִישִׁי א׳, ח׳, וְכֵן: "אַתָּה תִּתְבָּעֵר עַל כָּךְ גַּם בְּבֵית דִּין שֶׁל מַטָּה וְגַם בְּבֵית דִּין שֶׁל מַעֲלָה" – ח.בְּאֵר, אֶל מָקוֹם שֶׁהָרוּחַ הוֹלֶכֶת, 393)

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