Laws of Life (Capital Offences) criminal law/ capital offences

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Laws of Life (Capital Offences) criminal law/ capital offences

Laws of Life (Capital Offences) criminal law/ capital offences

Laws and statutes that deal with criminal punishment or with a person's life and fate, distinct from monetary laws which deal solely with financial matters.

(“The laws concerning souls: One who teaches a debt teaches a merit, but one who teaches a merit cannot return to teach a debt. Monetary cases are judged during the day and concluded at night; cases involving life are judged and concluded during the day. Monetary cases are completed in one day, whether they involve a merit or a debt; cases concerning life are completed for the merit during the day and for the debt the next day. Therefore, judgment is not rendered on the eve of Shabbat or on the eve of a festival. Likewise, the whole city was in uproar and cried out: ‘Can the blood of Israel be neglected? And can matters concerning life be judged based solely on the testimony of a woman?’”)

Translation

Expression (Hebrew)

דִּינֵי נְפָשׁוֹת

Definition (Hebrew)

דִּינִים וְחֻקִּים הָעוֹסְקִים בַּעֲנִישָׁה פְּלִילִית אוֹ בְּגוֹרַל אָדָם וְחַיָּיו, וְזֹאת בְּשׁוֹנֶה מִדִּינֵי מָמוֹנוֹת שֶׁעוֹסְקִים בְּעִנְיָנִים כַּסְפִּיִּים בִּלְבַד.

("דִּינֵי נְפָשׁוֹת הַמְלַמֵּד חוֹבָה מְלַמֵּד זְכוּת אֲבָל הַמְלַמֵּד זְכוּת אֵין יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר וּלְלַמֵּד חוֹבָה דִּינֵי מָמוֹנוֹת דָּנִין בַּיּוֹם וְגוֹמְרִין בַּלַּיְלָה דִּינֵי נְפָשׁוֹת דָּנִין בַּיּוֹם וְגוֹמְרִין בַּיּוֹם דִּינֵי מָמוֹנוֹת גּוֹמְרִין בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם בֵּין לִזְכוּת בֵּין לְחוֹבָה דִּינֵי נְפָשׁוֹת גּוֹמְרִין בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם לִזְכוּת וּבַיּוֹם שֶׁלְּאַחֲרָיו לְחוֹבָה לְפִיכָךְ אֵין דָּנִין לֹא בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת וְלֹא בְּעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב"- סַנְהֶדְרִין ד א, וְכֵן:"רָעֲשָׁה כָּל הָעִיר וְצָעֲקָה, וְכִי דָּם יִשְׂרָאֵל הֶפְקֵר? וְכִי דָּנִים דִּינֵי נְפָשׁוֹת עַל פִּי עֵדוּת אִשָּׁה"- עַגְנוֹן/ עִיר וּמְלוֹאָהּ, 520)

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