A witness cannot act as judge

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A witness cannot act as judge

A witness cannot act as judge

Someone who has personally witnessed a certain event cannot judge the same matter. One who has personal knowledge of a disputed issue cannot serve as a judge in that case, since he is no longer neutral regarding the matter.

("But at night, even three may write and not judge. What is the reason? Because they are witnesses, and a witness cannot become a judge"—Bava Batra 114a, and similarly: "Even if an agent becomes a witness, a witness cannot become a judge"—Rashi, Gittin 5b)

Translation

Expression (Hebrew)

אֵין עֵד נַעֲשֶׂה דַּיָּן

Definition (Hebrew)

מִי שֶׁרָאָה אֵרוּעַ מְסֻיָּם בְּמוֹ עֵינָיו אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְשַׁמֵּשׁ כְּשׁוֹפֵט בְּאוֹתוֹ הָעִנְיָן. מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ יְדִיעָה אִישִׁית בַּנּוֹשֵׂא הַשָּׁנוּי בְּמַחְלֹקֶת אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְשַׁמֵּשׁ שׁוֹפֵט בְּאוֹתוֹ נוֹשֵׂא, וְזֹאת מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁכְּבָר אֵינוֹ נֵיטְרָלִי בַּנּוֹשֵׂא הַנָּדוֹן.

("אֲבָל בַּלַּיְלָה אֲפִלּוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה כּוֹתְבִין וְאֵין עוֹשִׂין דִּין. מַאי טַעֲמָא? דֶּהוּוֹ לְהוֹ עֵדִים וְאֵין עַד נַעֲשֶׂה דַּיָּן"-בָּבָא בָּתְרָא קיד ע"א,וְכֵן:"אַף שֶׁשָּׁלִיחַ נַעֲשֶׂה עַד אֵין עַד נַעֲשֶׂה דַּיָּן"- רָשִׁ"י גִּטִּין ה ע"ב)

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