Urim and Thummim

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Urim and Thummim

Urim and Thummim

Part of the High Priest’s vestments in the Temple, used as a divine oracle to reveal God’s will. Figuratively: a source of absolute authority or final judgment.

("And you shall put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim, and they shall be upon Aaron’s heart when he goes in before the Lord; and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the Lord continually" – Exodus 28:30), and also: “First of all, without consulting the Urim and Thummim, we must rise, friends, and with our own hands erase the dreadful word ‘reparations’... for there is no atonement” – Nathan Alterman, Three Things Concerning the Demand from Germany, 1951, and “The words of our teacher in Aleppo are as the words of the Thummim — beyond dispute” – Haim Sabato, Truth Sprouts from the Earth, Chemed, 14.

Translation

Expression (Hebrew)

אוּרִים וְתֻמִּים / הָאוּרִים וְהַתֻּמִּים

Definition (Hebrew)

חֵלֶק מִבִּגְדֵי הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל בְּבֵית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ שֶׁשִּׁמֵּשׁ לְגִלּוּי דְּבַר ה'. בְּהַשְׁאָלָה: מְקוֹר סַמְכוּת מֻחְלֶטֶת. הַפּוֹסֵק הַבִּלְעָדִי.

("וְנָתַתָּ אֶל חֹשֶׁן הַמִּשְׁפָּט אֶת הָאוּרִים וְאֶת הַתֻּמִּים וְהָיוּ עַל לֵב אַהֲרֹן בְּבֹאוֹ לִפְנֵי ה' וְנָשָׂא אַהֲרֹן אֶת מִשְׁפַּט בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל לִבּוֹ לִפְנֵי ה' תָּמִיד"– שְׁמוֹת כֹּחַ ל), וְכֵן: "דָּבָר הָרִאשׁוֹן:/ קֹדֶם כֹּל וּמִיָּד/ בְּלִי לִשְׁאֹל בָּאוּרִים וְתֻמִּים/ יֵשׁ לָקוּם, חֲבֵרִים, וּלְבַעֵר בְּמוֹ יָד/ אֶת הַשֵּׁם הַנּוֹרָא 'שִׁלּוּמִים'... כִּי לָעַד אֵין שִׁלּוּם"– נָתָן אַלְתֶּרְמָן/ שְׁלוֹשָׁה דְּבָרִים בְּעִנְיַן הַתְּבִיעָה מִגֶּרְמַנְיָה, 1951, וְכֵן: "...וְדִבְרֵי מָרָן בְּחָלָב כְּדִבְרֵי הַתּוֹמִים שֶׁאֵין אַחֲרֵיהֶם עִרְעוּר"– חַיִּים סָבָתוֹ/ אֱמֶת מֵאֶרֶץ תִּצְמַח, חֶמֶד, 14.

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